服務器機柜，用來組合安裝面板、插件、插箱、電子元件、器件和機械零件與部件，使其構成一個整體的安裝箱。服務器機柜由框架和蓋板（門）組成，一般具有長方體的外形，落地放置。尺寸有很多，主要有22U服務器機柜、32U服務器機柜、42U服務器機柜等。不過相比服務器機柜，服務器明顯更顯重要。一般的服務器按照應用可分為入門級、工作組級、企業級等。接下來就一起了解一下詳細知識吧。

　　Server cabinet is used to combine installation panels, plugins, plug-in boxes, electronic components, devices, and mechanical parts and components to form a complete installation box. The server cabinet consists of a frame and a cover plate (door), generally with a rectangular shape, and is placed on the ground. There are many sizes, mainly including 22U server cabinets, 32U server cabinets, 42U server cabinets, etc. However, compared to server cabinets, servers are clearly more important. Generally, servers can be classified into entry-level, workgroup level, enterprise level, etc. according to their applications. Let's learn more about detailed knowledge together.

　　一、服務器機柜尺寸規格

　　1、 Server cabinet size specifications

　　22U服務器機柜（高：1.2米、寬：0.6米、深：0.8米）

　　22U server cabinet (height: 1.2 meters, width: 0.6 meters, depth: 0.8 meters)

　　27U服務器機柜（高：1.4米、寬：0.6米、深：0.8米）

　　27U server cabinet (height: 1.4 meters, width: 0.6 meters, depth: 0.8 meters)

　　32U服務器機柜（高：1.6米、寬：0.6米、深：0.8米）（高：1.6米、寬：0.6米、深：0.96米）

　　32U server cabinet (height: 1.6 meters, width: 0.6 meters, depth: 0.8 meters) (height: 1.6 meters, width: 0.6 meters, depth: 0.96 meters)

　　37U服務器機柜（高：1.8米、寬：0.6米、深：0.8米）（高：1.8米、寬：0.6米、深：0.96米）

　　37U server cabinet (height: 1.8 meters, width: 0.6 meters, depth: 0.8 meters) (height: 1.8 meters, width: 0.6 meters, depth: 0.96 meters)

　　42U服務器機柜（高：2米、寬：0.6米、深：0.8米）（高：2米、寬：0.6米、深：0.96米）

　　42U server cabinet (height: 2 meters, width: 0.6 meters, depth: 0.8 meters) (height: 2 meters, width: 0.6 meters, depth: 0.96 meters)

　　47U服務器機柜（高：2.2米、寬：0.6米、深：0.8米）（高：2.2米、寬：0.6米、深：0.96米）（高：2.2米、寬：0.8米、深：0.8米）（高：2.2米、寬：0.8米、深：0.96米）

　　47U server cabinet (height: 2.2 meters, width: 0.6 meters, depth: 0.8 meters) (height: 2.2 meters, width: 0.6 meters, depth: 0.96 meters) (height: 2.2 meters, width: 0.8 meters, depth: 0.8 meters) (height: 2.2 meters, width: 0.8 meters, depth: 0.96 meters)

　　二、服務器的應用層次

　　2、 Application hierarchy of servers

　　1、入門級服務器

　　1. Entry-level server

　　入門級服務器通常只使用一塊CPU，并根據需要配置相應的內存（如256MB）和大容量IDE硬盤，必要時也會采用IDERAID（一種磁盤陣列技術，主要目的是保證數據的可靠性和可恢復性）進行數據保護。入門級服務器主要是針對基于WindowsNT，NetWare等網絡操作系統的用戶，可以滿足辦公室型的中小型網絡用戶的文件共享、打印服務、數據處理、Internet接入及簡單數據庫應用的需求，也可以在小范圍內完成諸如E-mail、Proxy、DNS等服務。

　　Entry level servers typically use only one CPU and are equipped with corresponding memory (such as 256MB) and large capacity IDE hard drives as needed. If necessary, IDERAID (a disk array technology primarily designed to ensure data reliability and recoverability) is also used for data protection. Entry level servers are mainly designed for users based on network operating systems such as Windows NT and NetWare. They can meet the needs of small and medium-sized office network users for file sharing, printing services, data processing, Internet access, and simple database applications. They can also provide services such as email, proxy, DNS, etc. in a small scope.

　　對于一個小部門的辦公需要而言，服務器的主要作用是完成文件和打印服務，文件和打印服務是服務器的基本應用之一，對硬件的要求較低，一般采用單顆或雙顆CPU的入門級服務器即可。為了給打印機提供足夠的打印緩沖區需要較大的內存，為了應付頻繁和大量的文件存取要求有快速的硬盤子系統，而好的管理性能則可以提高服務器的使用效率。

　　For the office needs of a small department, the main function of a server is to provide file and printing services. File and printing services are one of the most basic applications of servers, with low hardware requirements. Generally, entry-level servers with single or dual CPUs are sufficient. In order to provide sufficient print buffer for the printer, a large amount of memory is required, and a fast hard disk subsystem is needed to cope with frequent and large file access requirements. Good management performance can improve server efficiency.

　　2、工作組級服務器

　　2. Workgroup level server

　　工作組級服務器一般支持12個PⅢ處理器或單顆P4（奔騰4）處理器，可支持大容量的ECC（一種內存技術，多用于服務器上）內存，功能。可管理性強、且易于維護，具備了小型服務器所必備的各種特性，如采用SCSI（一種總線接口技術）總線的I/O（輸入/輸出）系統，SMP對稱多處理器結構、可選裝RAID、熱插拔硬盤、熱插拔電源等，具有高可用性特性。適用于為中小企業提供Web、Mail等服務，也能夠用于學校等教育部門的數字校園網、多媒體教室的建設等。

　　Workgroup level servers generally support 1 to 2 PIII processors or a single P4 (Pentium 4) processor, and can support large capacity ECC (a memory technology commonly used on servers) memory, with comprehensive functionality. Highly manageable and easy to maintain, it has various essential features for small servers, such as an I/O (input/output) system using SCSI (a bus interface technology) bus, SMP symmetric multiprocessor structure, optional RAID, hot swappable hard drives, hot swappable power supplies, etc., with high availability characteristics. Suitable for providing web, mail, and other services to small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as for the construction of digital campus networks and multimedia classrooms in education departments such as schools.

　　通常情況下，如果應用不復雜，例如沒有大型的數據庫需要管理，那么采用工作組級服務器就可以滿足要求。國產服務器的質量已與國外相差無幾，特別是在中低端產品上，國產的性價比具有更大的優勢，中小企業可以考慮選擇一些國內的產品。此外，HP等大廠商甚推出了專門為中小企業定制的服務器。但個別企業如果業務比較復雜，數據流量比較多，而且資金允許的情況下，也可以考慮選擇部門級和企業級的服務器來作為其關鍵任務服務器。HP、DELL、IBM、浪潮都是較不錯的。

　　Usually, if the application is not complex, such as not having a large database to manage, then using a workgroup level server can meet the requirements. The quality of domestic servers is almost the same as that of famous foreign brands, especially in the mid to low end products. Domestic brands have a greater advantage in cost-effectiveness, and small and medium-sized enterprises can consider choosing some domestic brand products. In addition, major manufacturers such as HP have even launched servers specifically designed for small and medium-sized enterprises. But for some enterprises with complex business, high data traffic, and financial constraints, they can also consider choosing department level and enterprise level servers as their key task servers. HP、DELL、IBM、 Inspur is a relatively good brand.

　　3、部門級服務器

　　3. Departmental server

　　部門級服務器通常可以支持24個PⅢXeon（強）處理器，具有較高的可靠性、可用性、可擴展性和可管理性。，集成了大量的監測及管理電路，具有的服務器管理能力，可監測如溫度、電壓、風扇、機箱等狀態參數。此外，結合服務器管理軟件，可以使管理人員及時了解服務器的工作狀況。同時，大多數部門級服務器具有優良的系統擴展性，當用戶在業務量迅速增大時能夠及時在線升級系統，可保護用戶的投資。部門級服務器是企業網絡中分散的各基層數據采集單位與層數據中心保持順利連通的必要環節。適合中型企業（如金融、郵電等行業）作為數據中心、Web站點等應用。

　　Departmental servers typically support 2 to 4 P Ⅲ Xeon (Xeon) processors, with high reliability, availability, scalability, and manageability. Firstly, it integrates a large number of monitoring and management circuits, with comprehensive server management capabilities that can monitor status parameters such as temperature, voltage, fans, and chassis. In addition, combined with server management software, it can enable management personnel to timely understand the working status of the server. At the same time, most departmental servers have excellent system scalability, allowing users to upgrade their systems online in a timely manner when their business volume rapidly increases, which can protect their investments. Departmental servers are necessary links for maintaining smooth connectivity between dispersed grassroots data collection units and top-level data centers in enterprise networks. Suitable for medium-sized enterprises (such as finance, postal and telecommunications industries) as data centers, websites and other applications.

　　4、企業級服務器

　　4. Enterprise level server

　　企業級服務器屬于高檔服務器，普遍可支持48個PIIIXeon（強）或P4Xeon（強）處理器，擁有獨立的雙PCI通道和內存擴展板設計，具有高內存帶寬，大容量熱插拔硬盤和熱插拔電源，具有的數據處理能力。這類產品具有高度的容錯能力、優異的擴展性能和系統性能、極長的系統連續運行時間，能在很大程度上保護用戶的投資。可作為大型企業級網絡的數據庫服務器。

　　Enterprise grade servers are high-end servers that generally support 4 to 8 PIIIXeon or P4Xeon processors. They have independent dual PCI channels and memory expansion board designs, high memory bandwidth, large capacity hot swappable hard drives and hot swappable power supplies, and powerful data processing capabilities. This type of product has high fault tolerance, excellent scalability and system performance, and extremely long system continuous operation time, which can greatly protect users' investments. Can serve as a database server for large enterprise level networks.

　　企業級服務器主要適用于需要處理大量數據、高處理速度和對可靠性要求極高的大型企業和重要行業（如金融、證券、交通、郵電、通信等行業），可用于提供ERP（企業資源配置）、電子商務、OA（辦公自動化）等服務。

　　Enterprise level servers are mainly suitable for large enterprises and important industries (such as finance, securities, transportation, postal and telecommunications, etc.) that require processing large amounts of data, high processing speed, and extremely high reliability requirements. They can be used to provide services such as ERP (enterprise resource allocation), e-commerce, OA (office automation), etc.

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